Chemical Interactions

Synthesis and Characterization of Thiocarbanilide Organoselenium Complexes

Bayader Salman — 2024-06-26

Selenium, with thiourea-derived bonds in the formula (R-NH-CS₂- or R₂N-CS₂-), forms a stable complex with a yellow color and foul odor. It was characterized and analyzed using FT-IR, HNMR, and mass spectrometry. The percentage of elements present in the sample composition was determined by EDX and EDS techniques, while the surface topography was studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FSEM).

Investigation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in the Middle Euphrates Reclamation Project Area in Iraq

Zaid Mohammad Ibrahim — 2024-06-26

A field study was conducted in the selected area as part of the Euphrates Reclamation Project. The Middle Euphrates region was chosen for this study. Samples were collected from different locations, spaced 2 kilometers apart. Following sample collection and preservation, chemical analyses were performed in the laboratory to determine the chemical properties of the deposits. The results of the analyses indicated that soils in some areas tended towards alkalinity, with a pH value averaging around 7. Additionally, the results of the Electrical Conductivity (EC) analysis revealed that the deposits in the area exhibited high salinity, especially in the second and fourth samples. Potassium levels were also examined using Flame photometry, revealing very low potassium content in the soil, an essential element for plant growth. The high sodium content in most of the study area indicates salinity, necessitating soil enrichment with potassium and the use of soil salinity management techniques, as elaborated in the conducted research.

Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Imidazole-Based Selone Complexes

Mohanad Hussein — 2024-06-26

Novel imidazole selone complexes under a super crowded environment are reported for the first time. The super bulky selone antimony complexes, were isolated from the reactions. The thermal property of these antimony selone complexes was also investigated. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations are an on going work to understand the nature of orbitals and bonding situations. The unequal interaction between selenium and antimony obtained using Wiberg Bond Indices (WBIs) is fully consistent with the single-crystal X-ray studies on going work.

A Narrative Review on Environmental Chemistry

Karrar Arab — 2024-06-26

The branch of chemistry that is called environmental chemistry integrates various sciences and is a crucial element in solving urgent environmental problems. This abstract covers the main issues in environmental chemistry, including understanding why environmental chemistry is important, chemical principles, major environmental pollutants, available analytical techniques, environmental regulations and policies, cases of environmental incidents, and emerging trends that can be expected in the future. Knowing the the principles of environmental chemistry is a must for the authorities who would like to decrease the amounts of pollution, preserve the ecosystems, and ensure human health security. Principles of chemistry including chemical reactions, equilibrium and thermodynamics are the basis for environment processes like pollution, bioaccumulation and nutrient cycling. Pollutants of different types, including heavy metals, organic pollutants and greenhouse gases, are known to bring about a numerous of risks for environment and human health. Analytical techniques, like spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry, play a major role in the identification and grading of environmental contaminants. Each method has unique features and constraints. The set of criterion and regulations at the local, national, and international levels significantly contribute to the preservation and improvement of the environment. Nevertheless, there are still loopholes and gaps in the rules and the regulations which are used yet it is very hard to enforce them. The case studies of an environmental disaster, like an oil spill or a chemical disaster, are very instructive, giving us a good picture of the environmental chemistry process and any lessons learned. Environmental chemistry tours the research frontiers these days in terms of nanotechnology, green chemistry, and environmental monitoring, which provide new sources of ideas in the fight against emerging pollutants and promote the greening of the environment. Finally, with the development of environmental chemistry knowledge and solution of main problems we can help to provide conditions, which are necessary for a cleaner and healthier world not only for our present but also for future generations.

Study of Diels-Alder Reactions between Furan and Diene Using Density Functional Theory

Karrar Abd Ali — 2024-06-26

The Diels-Alder reaction of furan with substituted diene has been studied using density functional theory (DFT). The effect of substitution on the orbital energies of both the reactants involved in the reaction has been investigated. The mechanism of the reaction has been elucidated using molecular orbital theory, and the effect of substitution on the reaction energy has also been studied.

The Efficiency of Aluminum Alloy in Hydrogen Production

Wael K. Shible — 2024-06-26

This study investigates the production of hydrogen gas through water electrolysis using low-cost aluminum electrodes. Aluminum is chosen for its abundance, low cost, and favorable electrochemical properties. The electrolysis process is carried out at varying voltages to monitor the volume of hydrogen gas produced, which is measured by the flow of current through the circuit. The anodic reaction involves the oxidation of aluminum, forming aluminum hydroxide and releasing hydrogen gas, while the cathodic reaction facilitates the reduction of water. Results indicate that different voltages significantly influence the volume of hydrogen gas generated, providing valuable insights into optimizing the efficiency of hydrogen production using aluminum electrodes. This method presents a cost-effective and scalable approach for hydrogen generation, contributing to sustainable energy solutions