Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies of Azomethine Compounds Derived from Sulfa Drugs

Abstract

Schiff bases compounds (Sb1–Sb3) were created by the condensation reaction of ortho vanillin and sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfisoxazole). The structures of the synthesized azomethine compounds were determined by their spectral data (FT-IR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR). The compounds' antimicrobial activity was evaluated in vitro against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klepsilia pneumonia) and fungi (Candida glabrata, Candida albicane, and Aspergillus niger) using the agar diffusion method to determine their inhibiting potential. Additionally, the antioxidant efficiency of the compounds was determined using the β-carotene assay. The findings indicated that the fungus isolates were more susceptible to the compounds than the bacterial isolates, and that the produced compounds exhibited notable antibacterial action. Sb1 showed a stronger reduction of lipid peroxidation (26%) in comparison to the reference compound butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), which showed antioxidant activity with lipid peroxidation inhibition (62%). Although more in vivo research is required to determine the safety and effectiveness of these imines, the findings of this investigation indicate that they may have therapeutic promise.